ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the features of time distribution in the onset of aortic dissection (AD).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 476 AD patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2009 to June 2017 were collected.The patients were divided by the following criteria:gender,age [youth(＜45 years),middle-age (45-59 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years)],Stanford types (type A and type B),with or without hypertension.All variables were analyzed by circular distribution statistics to illuminate the features of time distribution in the onset of AD (monthly rhythm and circadian rhythm).Observation indicators:(1) overall time distribution of AD;(2) time distribution of subgroups with different genders;(3) time distribution of subgroups with different age;(4) time distribution of subgroups with different Stanford types;(5) time distribution of subgroups with or without hypertension.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s and count data were described as constituent ratio.The circular distrbution statistics were used to calculate time data of onset after trigonometric function transformation.The monthly rhythm and circadian rhythm were done using the Rayleigh test (Z value).Results (1) Overall time distribution of AD:the AD patients had the monthly rhythm and circadian rhythm (Z=14.79,31.60,P＜0.05).The months with the maximum and minimum cases were November (59 cases) and August (24 cases) respectively,the peak day was on January 12.AD often occurred from 16:00 to 17:00 (37 cases) but barely occurred from 3:00 to 4:00 (8 cases),with a peak of 14:55.(2) Time distribution of subgroups with different gender:male subgroup had the monthly rhythm and circadian rhythm (Z =11.28,27.81,P＜0.05);female subgroup had the monthly rhythm and circadian rhythm (Z=3.48,4.37,P＜0.05).(3) Time distribution of subgroups with different age:patients in the youth subgroup had no monthly rhythm (Z=1.33,P＞0.05),and there was the circadian rhythm (Z=4.29,P＜0.05);patients in the middle-age subgroup had the monthly rhythm and circadian rhythm (Z =7.48,17.41,P＜0.05);patients in the old-age subgroup had the monthly rhythm and circadian rhythm (Z =6.62,11.04,P ＜ 0.05).(4) Time distribution of subgroups with different Stanford type:patients inthe type A subgroup had no monthly rhythm (Z=1.60,P＞0.05),and there was the circadian rhythm (Z=10.51,P＜0.05);patients in the type B subgroup had the monthly rhythm and circadian rhythm (Z=13.94,21.70,P＜0.05).(5) Time distribution of subgroups with or without hypertension:subgroups with hypertension had the monthly rhythm and circadian rhythm (Z =12.08,29.81,P＜ 0.05).Subgroups without hypertension had no monthly rhythm (Z=3.84,P＞0.05),showing a statistically significant difference in the circadian rhythm (Z=4.78,P＜0.05).Conclusion AD often occurs in cold months and afternoon.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate pulmonary embolism (PE) clinical characteristics, the first clinical symptoms, and risk factors.Methods Incidence trends, clinical manifestations, etiology and inducing factors of 459 PE cases were analyzed retrospectively.Results For women the two peak period of PE incidence are 20-25 years of age and 60-70 years of age, for men are 20-30 years and 60-70 years;For both men and women PE incidence is peaked at 40-65 years of age.Circular distribution statistics showed the peak incidence of PE falls from November 30 through April 4, roughly in seasons of winter and spring.Dyspnea, chest distress, were among the most common symptoms (64.04％).Pulmonary infarction trilogy accounted for only 8.50％.Surgery, trauma, fracture were the primary causes for PE (44.88％), with tumor accounting for 13.0％.The veins affected by DVT are plexus venosus leg muscle, femora popliteal vein, iliac veins, tibial and peroneal veins.Conclusions The incidence of PE has obvious central tendency of age, season.Clinical symptoms are varied and non-specific.Surgery, trauma and fractures are the primary cause of PE, tumor is an independent risk factor for PE.
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Objective To investigate the seasonal variability of the onset of acute deep vein thrombosis(DVT).Methods The clinical manifestations in 774 DVT patients during January 2008 to December 2012 were collected and circular distribution statistics was used to identify seasonal variability.Results The total sample had the significant seasonal variability (P ＜ 0.01):DVT was most frequent in winter while less frequent in summer and the peak day was January 1.Female subgroup has significant seasonal variability (P ＜0.01):on peak in winter and at trough in summer while male subgroup has no significant seasonal variability (P ＜ 0.01).Different age subgroups (＜ 40 years,40-69 years,＜70 years)have significant seasonal variability(P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.01).DVT was most common in December and less frequent in August.Left lower limb subgroup and both lower limb subgroup has significant seasonal variability (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.01),on peak in December-January.Immobilization subgroup also has significant seasonal variability (P ＜ 0.001):frequent in winter,January 1 is on the peak.Conclusions DVT has significant seasonal variability in onset:it is most frequently seen in winter while less frequent in summer.Some subgroups (female,＜70 years and immobilization) have the most significant seasonal variability in onset.